AERATED FLOW

In turbulent flow vortices, eddies and wakes make the flow unpredictable. Turbulent flow happens in general at high flow rates and with larger pipes.

Whether flow is streamline or turbulent depends upon certain factors which are summed up by Reynold's number.
Reynolds number = velocity of fluid flow x pipe diameter / kinematic viscosity
If the number is less than 2000 the flow is streamline.
If the number is more than 2500 the flow is turbulent.
(Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of absolute viscosity to relative density)

The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form a flammable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid. The flashpoint temperature is determined by laboratory testing in a prescribed apparatus.

Establishes the danger point when transferring, pumping, and firing procedures are concerned.

A float which rises and falls with liquid level, actuating a balancing plug valve.

A pipe leading to the bottom of an oil or water tank, for guiding a sounding tape or jointed rod when measuring the depth of liquid in the tank.
Sounding pipes in the engine room are normally fitted with deadweight cocks and screw caps. Caps and cocks should be closed at all times, except when sounding tanks.