COOLING METHOD

The mass of a liquid at a given temperature compared with the mass of an equal volume of fresh water at the same temperature or at a different given temperature.

Method of measuring the specific heat of a gas at constant volume by enclosing the gas with an explosive mixture, whose heat of reaction is known, in a chamber closed with a corrugated steel membrane which acts as a manometer, and by deducing the maximum temperature reached on ignition of the mixture from the pressure change.

The average over a specified range of temperature of the specific heat of a substance.

1. An experiment to detect intermolecular forces in a gas, in which one measures the heat absorbed when gas in a small vessel is allowed to expand into a second vessel which has been evacuated. 2. An experiment to measure the mechanical equivalent of heat, in which falling weights cause paddles to rotate in a closed container of water whose temperature rise is measured by a thermometer.

The water volume flow rate, relative to the total liquid volume flow rate (oil and water), at the pressure and temperature prevailing in that section.

A method of measuring the latent heat of vaporization of a liquid that involves determining the temperature rise of a water bath that encloses a tube in which a given amount of vapor is condensed.

A method of determining the heat of fusion of a substance whose specific heat is known, in which a known amount of the solid is combined with a known amount of the liquid in a calorimeter, and the decrease in the liquid temperature during melting of the solid is measured.

The heat required to cause a change in state of a substance from solid to liquid (latent heat of fusion) or from liquid to vapor (latent heat of vaporization). These phase changes occur without change of temperature at the melting point and boiling point, respectively.

The basic scale used for temperature definition; the triple point of water (comprising ice, liquid, and vapor) is defined as 273.16 K; given two reservoirs, a reversible heat engine is built operating in a cycle between them, and the ratio of their temperatures is defined to be equal to the ratio of the heats transferred.

A device for measuring temperatures above the range of liquid thermometers.