A term describing orientations of the beams of acoustic or electromagnetic energy employed with doppler navigation systems. The Janus configuration normally used with doppler sonar spee
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ACOUSTIC
A term pertaining to sound, or the science of sound.
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT
All material and energy present in and around an operating system, such as dust, air moisture, chemicals, and thermal energy.
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ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Measures the radiation absorbed by chemically unbound atoms by analyzing the transmitted energy relative to the incident energy at each frequency. The procedure consists of diluting the fluid sample with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and directly aspirating the solution. The actual process of atomization involves reducing the solution to a fine spray, dissolving it, and finally vaporizing it with a flame. The vaporization of the metal particles depends upon their time in the flame, the flame temperature, and the composition of the flame gas. The spectrum occurs because atoms in the vapor state can absorb radiation at certain well-defined characteristic wave lengths. The wave length bands absorbed are very narrow and differ for each element. In addition, the absorption of radiant energy by electronic transitions from ground to excited state is essentially and absolute measure of the number of atoms in the flame and is, therefore, the concentration of the element in a sample.
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INTERFACIAL TENSION (IFT)
The energy per unit area present at the boundary of two immiscible liquids. It is usually expressed in dynes/cm (ASTM Designation D 971.)
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GRID NAVIGATION
Navigation by the use of grid directions
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GROUND ABSORPTION
The dissipation of energy in radio waves because of absorption by the ground over which the waves are transmitted.
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HOMING
Navigation toward a point by following a signal from that point. Radiobeacons are commonly used for homing.
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THERMOGRAPHY
The use of infrared thermography whereby temperatures of a wide variety of targets can be measured remotely and without contact. This is accomplished by measuring the infrared energy radiating from the surface of the target and converting this measurement to an equivalent surface temperature.
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INERTIAL ALIGNMENT
The process of orienting the measuring axes of the inertial components of inertial navigation equipment with respect to the coordinate system in which the equipment is to be used. inertia
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INLAND RULES OF THE ROAD
Officially the Inland Navigation Rules; Rules to be followed by all vessels while navigating upon certain defined inland waters of the United States.
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