An area of hills situated at the base of a range of mountains.
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ALUM
Is an aluminum sulfate or filter alum. Acts in the range of 5.0 to 8.0 pH.
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ISO SOLID CONTAMINANT CODE (ISO 4406)
A code assigned on the basis of the number of particles per unit volume greater than 5 and 15 micrometers in size. Range numbers identify each increment in the particle population throughout the spectrum of levels.
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HYDROFINISHING
A process for treating raw extracted base stocks with hydrogen to saturate them for improved stability.
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MOAT
An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many sea mounts, islands, and other isolated elevations of the sea floor, analogous to the moat around a castle.
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GROUND FOG
A fog that obscures less than six tenths of the sky, and does not extend to the base of any clouds
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HOUR-GLASS EFFECT
A radarscope phenomenon which appears as a constriction or expansion of the display near the center of the plan position indicator, which can be caused by a nonlinear time base or the sweep plot starting on the radar indicator at the same instant as the transmission of the pulse. The phenomenon is most apparent when in narrow rivers or close to shore.
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BASE
A material which neutralizes acids. An oil additive containing colloidally dispersed metal carbonate, used to reduce corrosive wear.
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BASE STOCK
The base fluid, usually a refined petroleum fraction or a selected synthetic material, into which additives are blended to produce finished lubricants.
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ANTI-OXIDANT
Additive that prolongs the induction period of a base oil in the presence of oxidizing conditions and catalyst metals at elevated temperatures. The additive is consumed and degradation products increase not only with increasing and sustained temperature, but also with increases in mechanical agitation or turbulence and contamination: air, water, metallic particles, and dust.
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INTERFACIAL TENSION (IFT)
The energy per unit area present at the boundary of two immiscible liquids. It is usually expressed in dynes/cm (ASTM Designation D 971.)
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